Just Intonation (2) Magazines and E-zines (1)

Microtonal (6)

Websites in Tuning Systems

1. A Beginner's Guide to Temperament
   Written by Stephen Bicknell for the electronic mailing list Piporg-l.
   http://www.users.dircon.co.uk/~oneskull/3.6.04.htm
   
   
2. A Tour Up The Harmonic Series
   Basic introduction to the Pythagorean circle of fifths and the physical basis for the need for alternative tuning systems.
   http://www.redshift.com/~dcanright/harmser/
   
   
3. Alternate Temperaments: Theory and Philosophy
   Introduction to tuning systems, based on the cents system. Written by Terry Blackburn.
   http://www.rdrop.com/users/tblackb/music/temperament/
   
   
4. An Atlas of Consonance
   The author presents a graphical tool for the visualization of consonance and dissonance, based on an acoustical model of the interaction of musical tones.
   http://www.sohl.com/sohl/mt/maptone.html
   
   
5. An Introduction to Historical Tunings
   On the development of tuning systems in Medieval Europe (Kirnberger, Young, and mean-tone systems).
   http://home.earthlink.net/~kgann/histune.html
   
   
6. Comparison of Temperaments
   Table comparing various temperaments, including Equal Temperament, Pythagorean, another natural tuning, two mean-tone tunings, two Well temperaments, two Indian tunings, and two Persian tunings.
   http://www.pcug.org.au/~apurdam/tempers.html
   
   
7. Equal Temperament Tuning
   An introduction to equal temperament for guitarists who have problems tuning their guitars.
   http://users.adelphia.net/~cygnusx_1/equal_temperament.html
   
   
8. Historical Tuning
   Includes information on the differences between equal temperament and well temperament and why Bach rejected equal temperament and celebrated well temperament.
   http://www.bestweb.net/~rmp
   
   
9. Huygens-Fokker Foundation
   Center for microtonal music. Promotes microtonal music in all its forms
   http://www.xs4all.nl/~huygensf/english/
   
   
10. Johann Sebastian Bach: Well Tempered Tuning (Wohltemperirt)
    Paper on the history of the tuning system, as well as information about tuning a harpsichord in this system.
    http://ha.kellner.bei.t-online.de
    
    
11. Julian Carrillo and the Thirteenth Sound
    (1875-1965), Mexican music creator of the microtonal system called the 13th Sound. He reformed the theory of music, invented a new musical written based in numbers and built instrument capable to produce those small intervals.
    http://tecweb.tol.itesm.mx/esolisw/julian.html
    
    
12. Justonic Tuning Inc.
    Pitch Palette software tunes a microtunable synthesizer to just intonation, world scales, historic scales and user scales in real time.
    http://www.justonic.com/
    
    
13. Keyboard temperament analyzer/calculator - Bradley Lehman
    Excel spreadsheet that analyzes keyboard temperaments: gives beat rates for tuning, and harmonic-tension charts in all keys.
    http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bpl/temper.html
    
    
14. Modes and Scales in Indian Music
    Article by David Courtney.
    http://chandrakantha.com/articles/scales.html
    
    
15. Pythagorean Tuning and Medieval Polyphony
    Article by Margo Schulter.
    http://www.medieval.org/emfaq/harmony/pyth.html
    
    
16. Tantrum
    Tool for the study of temperament anomalies.
    http://www.well.com/user/smalin/tantrum.html
    
    
17. The Alternate Tuning Internet Mailing List
    For exchanging ideas relevant to alternate tunings, including just intonation, paratactical tunings, experimental musical instrument design, and non-standard equal temperaments.
    http://nowitzky.hypermart.net/tuning/
    
    
18. The Argument for Equal Temperament
    Lerdahl's cognitive constraints.
    http://music.dartmouth.edu/~kov/lerdahl/EqTemp.html
    
    
19. The History of Musical Tuning and Temperament
    Two academic papers, covering music before 1750, and music during the Classical and Romantic periods.
    http://casaninja.com/christi/old/academic/classicaltuning.html
    
    
20. Tuning and Temperament Bibliography
    Huge list of print books, magazines, and journal articles on tuning systems.
    http://www.xs4all.nl/%7ehuygensf/doc/bib.html
    
    
21. Tuning by Ratios
    This paper explores the use of simple ratios to tune musical intervals and chords. Included are a tutorial, a set of computer programs, and a re-tuned two-part invention by J.S. Bach.
    http://www.leeds.ac.uk/music/studio/rproj_swss/tuning/tuning.htm
    
    
22. Understanding Temperaments
    Tunings used for harpsichords.
    http://pages.globetrotter.net/roule/temper.htm
    
    
23. World Scale Depository
    Construction of a reference center of scale measurements throughout the world.
    http://www.anaphoria.com/depos.html
    
    

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